Abstract

The increasing progress in using nano-biomaterials for medical purposes has opened new horizons toward researchers around the globe. To investigate the presence of these nanomaterials and the impacts they might have, a comparative enhanced-electrochemiluminescence immunosensing study has been designed. The effects of utilizing graphene oxide, silica, and gold nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis were evaluated during the quantification of two major cancer biomarkers (CEA and AFP) in different approaches. In other words, first and second approaches were designed to employ nanomaterials while third and fourth approaches were developed in absence of those. Accordingly, resulted LODs experienced dramatic amplification when nano-biomaterials were included in the immunosensor modification (for AFP: 1st and 3rd approaches: 1.36 fg/ml in comparison with 0.39 ng/ml, and for CEA: 2nd and 4th approaches: 1.90 fg/ml versus 0.46 ng/ml, respectively). Correspondingly, capability of nano-biomaterials for developing highly sensitive and more efficient immunosensors was validated through selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and feasibility examinations.