Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in recent years. Cardiac measurements are the main factors to detect development of cardiovascular diseases and further related clinical decisions. The growing number of clinical and experimental studies has shown that optimizing the energy metabolism in the heart is an effective approach to reduce the influences associated with ischemia (blood deficiency) in myocardial tissue. The imbalance in heart energy leads to different diseases, such as hypertrophy and heart failure. In this study, a series of valves simulations were executed through a typical geometry to evaluate the energy consumption of the heart. Fluid-Structural Interaction (FSI) simulation was employed to predict the hemodynamic factors at rest, such as stroke volume, pressure, and subsequently energy consumption of the heart. In addition, Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation was used to couple the Navier-Stokes equations to the solid wall equations. Furthermore, the energy consumption of the heart was experimentally measured via echocardiography. The numerical results revealed the energy consumption of the heart is 0.903 W which is in good agreement with that of the experimental ones. The findings of this study may have implications not only for understanding the energy consumption of the heart but also for employing as a noninvasive technique to be used to simply calculate the heart energy.