Abstract

With the advent and development of the science of immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, genetic and biochemistry, human beings embarked on vaccines and deployed them. Since the birth of vaccine by Edward Jenner, there has been great progress in the production of various vaccines against different pathogens and antigens. Due to increased infectious diseases and multi-drug resistant strains, one of the best ways to encounter them is through vaccination. There are various vaccines with some problems which are the result of various mechanisms for the escape of pathogenic microbes from the immune system. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive vaccines that can provide extensive immune responses. Chimeric vaccines and recombinant chimeric vaccines are developing nowadays and can protect against different serovars. The first recombinant vaccine was introduced in the mid-1970s against the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Recombinant chimeric proteins are developing nowadays that have the advantage of both recombinant and chimeric properties. © 2021 The Author(s).