Abstract

Rifampicin (RIF)-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important barrier to effective tuberculosis (TB) treatment and prevention. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of RIF-resistant TB among patients with confirmed TB. Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles published between January 1980 and January 2020. We pooled data with random-effects models when appropriate. After screening 1608 citations, 30 studies covering 8215 patients with TB were included. The pooled frequency of RIF-resistance among all patients with TB was 8.0 (95 CI 4.0-12.0). Our sub-group analysis showed that 4.0 of newly diagnosed cases and 36.0 of previously-treated TB patients from different settings in Iran were RIFresistant. Our study showed that the frequency of RIF-resistance among patients with TB was 8.0. Programmatic implementation of rapid drug susceptibility testing (DST) such as the Xpert MTB/RIF assay as a primary diagnostic test for persons suspected of having a RIF-resistant TB would be helpful for the control of the drug resistance.